Blog Posts

An index fund and ETF are often assumed to be the same thing. In some cases they are, but an index fund covers a wider array of investment products. Here we’ll look at their similarities and differences.   Key Takeaways – Index Fund vs. ETF Structure and Management: Index funds are generally used interchangably with […]

Terms of trade are a critical concept in international trade and currency trading.  The term refers to the ratio between a country’s export prices and its import prices, and it measures the relative performance of a country’s trade balance.  In other words, it shows the value a country receives for its exports compared to the […]

Global macro is an investment strategy that seeks to profit from changes in the global economy by taking positions in a wide range of financial instruments, including currencies, bonds, commodities, and equities. This approach is based on the study of national economies, fiscal and monetary policies, financial and economic history, geopolitics, and international relations, and […]

What Is Operating Margin? Operating margin is a company’s operating income divided by its revenue. The operating margin is a measure of a company’s pricing strategy and overall efficiency. A higher operating margin indicates that a company is able to effectively generate more profit from its operations. Operating margin is associated with operating income, which […]

Interest rate caps, floors, and collars are commonly used financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. Interest rate caps provide protection against rising interest rates by setting a maximum interest rate that a borrower will have to pay. Interest rate floors, on the other hand, provide protection against falling interest rates by setting a minimum […]

Real estate is usually the largest single asset that most people will purchase during their lifetimes. It’s also a huge asset class. In the US alone, residential real estate is nearly a $40 trillion asset class (about $120,000 per person). So there’s a lot of interest in being able to develop a view of how […]

Market-neutral funds are investment vehicles pursuing strategies that aim to achieve a consistent return by hedging the market risk of their underlying investments. This is typically done by simultaneously holding both long and short positions in the market, with the goal of generating returns that are not correlated to the overall market. One way that […]

The Noisy Market Hypothesis (NMH) is a financial theory that proposes that financial securities prices do not reflect all available information about a company, and market prices are not always efficiently calculated. This is because the market is subject to noise, or random and irrational fluctuations, caused by the emotions and biases of market participants, […]

Markets are fast-paced, and traders are always on the lookout for the latest news or economic indicators that could impact the markets.  One of the most common questions that arise among traders is how fast are things priced in?  When news breaks, do markets react instantly, leaving traders with little or no opportunity to capitalize […]

Variance plays an important role in trading and investing as it measures the degree of dispersion of returns around the mean return. I n other words, variance indicates how much the returns of a security or portfolio deviate from its average return. Investors and traders use variance (volatility) to estimate the risk of an investment. […]